Linking words

Choose the appropriate linkword:

I)
1) I didn't have enough money to pay for my lunch, so I had to do the washing up
2) As I didn't have enough money to pay for my lunch, I had to do the washing up.
3) I knew I had to pay the bill or do the washing-up.
4) It doesn't seem likely that he will come.
5) Don't come unless. you are asked to.
6) If you change your mind, give me a ring before 3pm.
7) Although it was cold outside, he went out without his overcoat.
8) He failed his exam because he didn't work enough.
9) The dog bit the postman when he dropped the letter into the mailbox.
10) I won't leave this room until my work is finished.
11) Since you ask me, my answer will be clear : No, I won't do it.
12)Though it didn't take long to reach the hospital, he died before they got there.
13) As soon as I have finished this task, I'll go out for a drink.
14) In case you don't know, she is already married.
15)I bought an anti-virus program in order to protect my data.
16) After I had finished typing the letter, I realized I had typed the wrong one.
17) "I think, therefore I am", as Descartes said.
18) Whether you agree or not, I'll go to the States next year.
19)Either you do your work properly, or you won't be allowed to go to the movies tonight.

II)

1	... they are very good friends, they don't really understand each other.
	:)		Although
			As
			When
			Since
2	The economic situation is ... I don't think it is a good idea to invest in luxury products.
			so as
			so that
			such as
	:)		such that
3	Just ... the boss got so angry with his secretary, I do not know.
			because
	:)		why
			as
			that
4	The sales team has been working hard ... the beginning of the year.
			on
			while
	:)		since
			meanwhile
5	Let me speak the truth ... I see it.
			that
			such
	:)		as
			which
6	Better active today ... radioactive tomorrow.
	:)		than
			that
			as
			like
7	You can start working ... you like.
			while
			whenever
			even if
			although
8	The economic situation is ... nobody knows what to do.
			so that
			such as
			so as
			such that
9	Everybody wonders ... the company is going to close down or dismiss some of the staff.
			if ever
			when
			while
			whether
10	"I'm a poor lonesome cowboy", ... Lucky Luke used to say.
			that
			as
			what
			which
11	I felt guilty ... I had done something wrong.
			even as
			such as
			as
	:)		as if
12	... asking for a wage increase, I wouldn't even think of it.
			As much as
	:)		As for
			As it is
			As
13	He was ... shy ... to refuse all invitations.
			so ... that
			such ... that
			such ... as
			so ... as
14	The assistant finished the work by friday ... agreed.
			as well as
			as
			such as
			as much
15	Has he answered yet ? Not ... I know of.
			which
			still
	:)		that
			yet
16	She writes this way ... to shock the reader
	:)		so as
			for
			such as
			according
17	Hardly had I started working ... the phone rang.
			while
	:)		when
			that
			as
18	Much ... I'd like to go to the movies, I have to stay at home to finish this work.
			because
			although
			as
			that
19	It wasn't very easy to judge ... the man meant what he said.
			which
			whether
			what
			who
20	Do you mind ... I open the window ?
			what
			that
			if
			whether

Fill in blanks with the appropiate word:

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate linkwords then check your work

2.1. unlike his father who is a teacher, he wants to become a doctor. 2.2. instead of waiting for help, you should try and do it by yourself. 2.3. We studied a lot of documents such as articles, pictures and diagrams. 2.4. I met some Americans, some Italians, some Spanish, not to mention some British. 2.5. due to the difficulties of the moment, we have to give up this project. 2.6. You will first send a fax, then sort the mail, at last type two letters. 2.7. unlike previous economic crisis, this is not a real world-wide recession. 2.8. This firm can do the job for $1000 while its competitors charge at least $1500. 2.9. High technology is evolving quickly, so that maintenance can't follow. 2.10. At weekends, most women go shopping while their husbands watch soccer on TV.

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate linkwords then check your work.

5.1. He works hard in order to become a computer analyst. 5.2. The new assistant is crazy about chatting on the Net but she hates typing the mail. 5.3. It's a good idea to take a few notes. otherwise, you will forget everything you heard. 5.4. I'm not very keen on thrillers. however, the last one I read was quite interesting. 5.5. You won't get the job unless you make a good impression. 5.6. They have lots of money. yet, they don't look very happy. 5.7. even if you hurry up now, you'll be late for the meeting, . 5.8. The chief accountant will be here in half an hour, that is at 6.30. 5.9. A lot of businessmen go abroad in order to find new business opportunities. 5.10. as far as i am concerned, I can't see any reason why you should not ask him.

Unit 3: Business (lecture)

The text is about brand, it gives the definition of brand and information about its importance, maintaining and managing. Brand is guarantee of constant quality, customers know what they can expect. But not only, it is also the characteristic of the company and working conditions in it.
The most important is to provide the same quality, advertisement, packing way and a content of products can be changed but not the main key features, some kind of core of it. Maintaining brand is complicated, the producer should do some market researches and know the changing expectations of client. It also should have good positioning - it means it should have given place at the market. To do this producers create some famous, easy to remember sentences. It can not be changed because in otherwise the contact with customer can be break down. Also very important are exploring technological changes - producer should be one step ahead the rest.

VOCABULARY:
to some - dla niektorych
a guarantee of consistent quality - gwarancja stalej jakosci
recognizable - rozpoznawalna
pricless - bezcenny
consistently - stale
reassurance - zapewnienie
to place great emphasis - klasc duzy nacisk
stay one step ahead of competitors - byc krok do przodu przed innymi
strive - dazyc do czegos
improvement - ulepszenie
transparency - przejrzystosc
exceed sb expectation - wyprzecac/przewyzszac czyjes oczekiwania
meet sb expectation - spelniac czyjes oczekiwania
stand out from the crowd - wyrozniac sie z tlumu
striving for innovations and improvements
to be developed by - byc rozwijanym przez cos
indenifying consumer need - identyfikacja potrzeb konsumenta
achieve a good reputation - osiagnac dobra reputacje
receive recognition - osiagnac rozpoznawalanosc
realise - zdawac sobie sprawe
consumer market research - badania rynku
vital/ to be vital - wazny
constantly evolving - caly czas ewoluja/zmieniaja sie
food can be processed by - jedzenie moze byc przetwarzane za pomoca
ease of opening - latwosc w otwieraniu
affordabillity - dostepnosc/czy ktos moze sobie pozwolic czy nie
cost-effective - ekonomiczny
ensure - upewnic sie
positioning - ustalanie miejsca na rynku
tangible -korzystny
to be urged to - byc ponaglanym
can with easy-open ends - puszka latwootwieralna
deteriorate - pogarszac sie
become inferior - stac sie gorszym
break faith with - zawiesc kogos

Worksheets:

II
1) Why are brand names important?
It make product unique and recognizable.
2) Name three different sources of brand names.
Name of inventor, some inventor's favorite thing, some interesting word
3) Do you think that brand are important? Why?
In my opinion brands are important becouse they are guarantee of the constant quality of the product and thanks to this choosing from wide range of products is easier for customer.
4) Do ou have your favourite brand? What is it and why do you like it?
I have lots of my favourite brand almost for every thing what I buy. It can be the name of brand producing clothes, cosmetics, food, cars and electrical divices. I like them because I can expect the quality which I know and style which I like.

III
Nivea - from Latin means snow-white
Chanel no 5 - fifth perfumes made by the same company
Nike - named after the greek Goddess of Victory
Toyota - originally a Japanese family name Toyoda, the inventors change one letter to make it easier to pronounce overseas
Reebok - the name after an African Gazelle
Rolls Roys - the family name of two man, one a motor enthusiast and the other an engineering genius

Modals exercies

MODAL VERBS - FINAL TEST

1. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He must be exhausted after such a long flight.
2. The book is optional. My professor said we could read it if we needed extra credit. But we don't have to read it if we don't want to.
3. Susan couldn't hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly.
4. The television isn't working. It must have been damaged during the move.
5. Kate: Can you hold your breath for more than a minute?Jack: No, I can't.
6. You don't have to be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know haven't got a penny to their name.
7. I've redone this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the answer key. The answer in the book must be wrong!
8. You couldn't do the job if you didn't speak Japanese fluently.
9. You shouldn't worry so much. It doesn't do you any good. Either you get the job, or you don't. If you don't, just apply for another one. Eventually, you will find work.
10. You have to be kidding! That can't be true.
11. You may leave the table once you have finished your meal and politely excused yourself.
12. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It must have cost a fortune.
13. Shall we move into the living room? It's more comfortable in there and there's a beautiful view of the lake.
14. If I had gone white water rafting with my friends, I would be floating down the Colorado River right now.
15. At first, my boss didn't want to hire Sam. But, because I had previously worked with Sam, I told my boss that he ought to take another look at his resume and reconsider him for the position.
16. You had better take along some cash. The restaurant may not accept credit cards.
17. The machine can be turned on by flipping this switch.
18. I can't stand these people - I have got to get out of here. I'm going to take off for awhile while you get rid of them.
19. You mustn't forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time.
20. Do you always have to say the first thing that pops into your head. Can't you think once in a while before you speak?
21. Terry and Frank said they would come over right after work, so they should be here by 6:00.
22. Yesterday, I had to cram all day for my French final. I didn't get to sleep until after midnight.
23. We shall no longer suffer the injustice of oppression! Freedom shall be ours!
24. If I had gone to the University of Miami, I could have participated in their Spanish immersion program.
25. The lamp might not be broken. Maybe the light bulb just burned out.

MODAL VERBS EXERCISE 7

Multiple Choice Exercise

1. I'm not really sure where Beverly is. She might be sitting in the living room, or perhaps she's in the backyard.
2. Doug must have returned the video we rented on his way to work. It was on the table, but now it's gone.
3. You ought to check the air pressure in your tires. You don't want to get a flat tire on your trip.
4. The computer isn't working. It must have been damaged during production.
5. The package should be delivered tomorrow afternoon. It was sent by express mail this morning.
6. You have to book the tickets for the play in advance - they sell out quickly.
7. You can't mean that! You have got to be joking.
8. If Debbie hasn't come home yet, she must still be waiting for us in the coffee shop.
9. Mike decided not to join us for lunch. He had to stay at work to finish the marketing report.
10. If I had gone with my friends to Jamaica, I would be lying on a white sand beach right now.
11. If I had gone with my friends to Jamaica, I would not have had to come to work this week.
12. If I had gone with my friends to Jamaica, I could have taken scuba diving lessons.
13. Margaret agreed to meet us at the entrance to the theater. She ought to be waiting for us when we get there.
14. It might have been Sam who called and didn't leave a message on the answering machine. He said he wanted to get together with us this weekend.
15. The machine can be turned on by flipping this switch.
16. She might have been crying. That could have been why her eyes were so red and swollen.
17. If she was crying, she must have been very upset.
18. That painting might not have been painted by Picasso. It could be a forgery.
19. Your diving equipment must be cleaned regularly if you want to keep it in good condition.
20. If I hadn't taken a taxi, I might have been waiting for you at the train station for hours.

MODAL VERBS EXERCISE 6

Multiple Choice Exercise

1.Donna: If I won the ten million dollar lottery jackpot, I could afford to quit my job and travel the world.
Sam: Where would you go if you had that much money?
Donna: I don't know, I might choose to spend a year in Paris - or perhaps I might go to Kenya.
Sam: How often do you buy lottery tickets?
Donna: Never... I guess if I want to win the lottery, I should try buying some tickets.
Sam: That would help.

2.Waitress: Hi, my name is Sandy - I'll be your waitress tonight. What can I get for you?
Tony: I haven't decided yet. Is there anything you would recommend? Is there anything you think I should try?
Waitress: You might try the Cajun catfish - or perhaps the Gumbo. They're both delicious.
Tony: That sounds wonderful, but that could be a little too spicy for me. Actually, the prawns sound good. Umm, could I have the barbecued prawns?
Waitress: Sure, would you like a salad with that?

3.Jan: What should we look for in a candidate when we vote in a presidential election?
Peter: I think citizens should vote for a President who has the ability to improve the quality of life in the United States.
Jan: What would you do if you were President of the United States?
Peter: I would focus on reducing environmental pollution.
Jan: Every candidate always says he's going to do that, but it's a really complicated problem - it's not one which is easily solved. What makes you think you would actually stop pollution?

MODAL VERBS EXERCISE 5

may had better have got to shall

1. I know it's rather rude, but may I ask you where you purchased that pocket watch? I have been looking for one like that for my father.
2. You had better look good for your interview if you want to get the sales job. You had better wear the white shirt and the maroon tie. I think that'll look really professional.
3. I have got to be at work tomorrow by 7:00. I have got to give a marketing presentation to one of our clients.
4. It's pretty hot in the desert at this time of year. If we are going to do some hiking, we had better take at least two or three quarts of water with us. Actually, it may be hotter than we expect out there - maybe we should take a gallon or more.
5. You may leave the table once you have finished your meal and politely excused yourself.
6. I can't stand these people - I have got to get out of here. I'm going to take off for awhile while you get rid of them. When I get back, they had better be gone.
7. may I try a little of your Black Forest cake? It looks absolutely delicious - I have got to taste it!
8. You had better take along some cash. The restaurant may not accept credit cards.
9. You have got to take along some cash. The restaurant doesn't accept credit cards.
10. shall we move into the living room? It's more comfortable in there and there's a beautiful view of the lake.
11. I'm not really sure if Susan is going to go snowboarding with us or not. She may decide to stay here and study for her Japanese final. She has got to get a good score on the test if she wants to qualify to study abroad in Tokyo next semester.
12. may I have a look at that necklace there in the display case. It's exactly what I've been looking for.
13. We shall no longer suffer the injustice of oppression. We shall never give up the struggle for freedom!
14. You have got to be joking! If you think I'm going to give you a tip after you mixed up the meal orders, spilled wine on me and insulted my wife, you had better get your head examined!!!
15. Ian, Evelyn and Deborah will be attending the conference. I shall be attending as well.

MODAL VERBS EXERCISE 4

Multiple Choice Exercise

1. Unfortunately, James and Michelle had already made plans, so they couldn't come with us to the exhibition at the Museum of Contemporary Art.
2. They have had several major snow storms in the mountains during the last month. We had better call the highway patrol to check road conditions. The road to Smithsville might not be passable.
3. We should call Tim before we go over to his house; he might not be there. I don't want to drive all the way there for nothing.
4. In order to win the pie eating contest, Norman would have to eat sixteen pies in ten minutes. He couldn't possibly eat that many pies - he would explode!
5. I know Eve wants to go to the ballet with us, but we'd better call her before we get her ticket. She works Wednesday nights, and she might not be able to get time off that evening.
6. Susan couldn't hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly.
7. It might not be a bad idea to take some snacks along while we're hiking. Last time, we got so hungry we had to come back early without finishing the hike.
8. Jerry might be angry, or he might not. You never really know with him because he's so temperamental.
9. Jerry couldn't be angry at me. I've never done anything to upset him.
10. The lamp might not be broken. Maybe the light bulb just burned out.
11. When you were a child, you could swim from here to the little island in the middle of the river, couldn't you? At least, that's what your father told me.
12. She couldn't possibly be the winner of the talent show! The other acts were much better than hers.
13. Frank and Sarah couldn't get tickets to the concert. The concert was sold out a little over an hour after tickets went on sale.
14. I heard that band is really popular, and tickets sell out quickly. You might not get tickets if you wait too long.
15. That concert has been sold out for weeks. You couldn't get tickets even if you knew the band personally. It's impossible!
16. It might not be a bad idea to get a car alarm for your new sports car. New cars tend to attract thieves.
17. That couldn't possibly be Mr. Jones. He's lost so much weight that he looks like a completely different person.
18. You couldn't do the job if you didn't speak Arabic fluently.
19. Jane and Bill might not have gotten the invitation to the party. Perhaps, that's why they didn't show up. I doubt they would actually skip your birthday party - they're your best friends!20. I couldn't have left my keys at Simon's house. I wouldn't have been able to drive home if I had done that. They must be somewhere here in the apartment. Let's keep looking.

MODAL VERBS EXERCISE 3

might must should

1. Nancy said you didn't need to buy her anything for her birthday, but I really think you should at least get her some flowers or a nice bottle of wine.
2. Debbie said she was really busy this week, but I think she might show up at the party if she doesn't have to work overtime on Friday.
3. Nina said she would come over right after work, so she should be here by 6:00.
4. Oh my God, he's unconscious. Don't move him - he might have internal injuries. Somebody call an ambulance.
5. You must be kidding! That can't be true.
6. Dan: Where's the remote control? I want to change the channel. Fiona: I don't know. It might be under the couch. Or, perhaps I absent-mindedly took it into the kitchen. I'll check in there.
7. For most people, learning a language is a challenging undertaking. Experts agree that to make the most of your language learning experience, you must practice the language regularly and push yourself to maintain old vocabulary while acquiring new words and expressions.
8. New research suggests that exercise can reduce the chance of heart disease as well as cancer. That's why I told my father that he should start walking once a day.
9. We should invite Sally and her husband to come to the picnic on Saturday. We haven't seen them in weeks, and they might really enjoy a nice day at the beach.
10. Tim: While I was a student, I spent a year and a half studying Pygmy culture in the Central African Republic. My research focused on unique aspects of the their social structure and religion. Simona: That must have been absolutely fascinating!
11. We had better call Tony to see if he's at home before we go over to his house. He might not be there and we don't want to drive all the way over there for nothing.
12. At first, my boss didn't want to hire Sam. But, because I had previously worked with Sam, I told my boss that he should take another look at his resume and reconsider him for the position.
13. You shouldn't worry so much. It doesn't do you any good. Either you get the job, or you don't. If you don't, just apply for another one. Eventually, you will find work.
14. I would love to go on the cruise to Tahiti with Robin and Michelle. But such a luxurious trip must cost a fortune. I doubt I could afford something like that.
15. The book recommends adding fresh soil and using plant food to make your garden flowers grow. Since some people might be allergic to chemicals in artificial plant foods, the book says that you should use an organic brand to avoid skin irritations.

MODAL VERBS EXERCISE 2

must have to

1. I have to be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably have to take a taxi if I want to be on time.
2. You mustn't submit the application if it has not been completely filled out. Check that the name, address, and background information are correct. If the form is not accurate and complete, you will be rejected and you will have to reapply at a later date.
3. Tina: Look at these flowers - they're beautiful! But, there's no card. Who could have sent them?Stephanie: It must have been David. He's the only one who would send you flowers.
4. You mustn't forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time.
5. You don't have to be so rude! Why don't you try saying "please" once in a while.
6. If you are over 18 in California, you don't have to take a driver training course to get a driver's license. You can have a friend or a family member teach you instead. But remember, you must still get your permit before you start practicing.
7. You don't have to be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know haven't got a penny to their name.
8. Ed: My car broke down in Death Valley last week. I had to have it towed more than a hundred miles to the nearest mechanic.Lilly: That must have cost a fortune!
9. While hiking in Alaska, you must keep an eye out for bears. If you see one, you mustn't approach it. They are beautiful animals; however, they are wild and unpredictable in nature. You don't have to be afraid of them, but educating yourself about the dangers can help keep you safe.
10. I don't have to go to work tomorrow because it is Memorial Day. The best thing about a day off from work is that I don't have to get up at 6:00; I can sleep in till noon if I want to.
11. Yesterday, I had to cram all day for my French final. I didn't get to sleep until after midnight.
12. Nate: Oh no! I completely forgot we were supposed to pick Jenny up at the airport.Barbara: She must still be sitting there waiting for us.
13. Ingrid received a scholarship to Yale University which will cover 100% of the tuition. She doesn't have to worry at all about the increasing cost of education.
14. When I was a child my grandmother was continually correcting our manners. She always used to say, "One mustn't eat with one's mouth open." Or, she would correct us by saying, "One mustn't rest one's elbows on the table." And every time I wanted to leave the table, she would say, "One must ask to be excused."
15. I've redone this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the answer key. The answer in the book must be wrong!

MODAL VERBS EXERCISE 1

can could have to must might should

1. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He could be exhausted after such a long flight. He could prefer to stay in tonight and get some rest.
2. If you want to get a better feeling for how the city is laid out, you can walk downtown and explore the waterfront.
3. Hiking the trail to the peak can be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic weather changes. You must research the route a little more before you attempt the ascent.
4. When you have a small child in the house, you mustn't leave small objects lying around. Such objects can be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.
5. Dave: can you hold your breath for more than a minute?Nathan: No, I can't.
6. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It must have cost a fortune.
7. Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they don't get enough water, they could die.
8. I could speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Egypt. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I can just say a few things in the language.
9. The book is optional. My professor said we could read it if we needed extra credit. But we don't have to read it if we don't want to.
10. Leo: Where is the spatula? It should be in this drawer but it's not here.Nancy: I just did a load of dishes last night and they're still in the dish washer. It might be in there. That's the only other place it could be.
11. You should take your umbrella along with you today. The weatherman on the news said there's a storm north of here and it could rain later on this afternoon.
12. can we pull over at the next rest stop? I really have to use the bathroom and I don't know if I can hold it until we get to Chicago.
13. Oh no! Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He must have left it here last night.
14. Ned: can I borrow your lighter for a minute?Stephen: Sure, no problem. Actually, you can keep it if you want to. I've given up smoking.
15. I couldn't believe she said that to Megan! She didn't have to insult her cooking in front of everyone at the party last night. She could have just said she was full or had some salad if she didn't like the meal.
16. Do you have to chew with your mouth open like that? Geez, it's making me sick watching you eat that piece of pizza.
17. Mrs. Scarlett's body was found in the lounge just moments ago, and it's still warm! Nobody has left the mansion this evening, so the killer must be someone in this room. It could be any one of us!!!
18. Ted: I don't know why Denise starting crying when I mentioned the wedding.Pamela: It could have been what you said about her brother. Or, perhaps she is just nervous. After all, the big day is tomorrow.
19. must you always say the first thing that pops into your head? couldn't you think once in awhile before you speak?
20. I was reading the book last night before I went to bed. I never took it out of this room. It must be lying around here somewhere. Where can it be? be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.

Practica de aula 4 - Laptops

Laptops are portable computers using less power, making less noise than desktop computers.
Laptop was invented in 1979 by William Moggridge. Nowadays they are very popular, however they have few disadvantages in comparison to desktop computers: they are slower, have less graphics and sound processing power. They are also more expensive. The main components of the laptops are processor, memory and storage, display and sound and power supplies.
The processor called CPU, is the most important part of the laptop. It is like its brain. Laptops has usually slower processors with different cooling system: usually lower voltage and clock speed is used for cooling it. The next is memory card and hard disk, they are responsible for speed of the activities and storage of information. They are minimized in comparison to desktop computers. The next important thing is graphics processing unit, it handles calculation for 3D graphics, it like CPU produces heat which should be transfered from computer. GPU in laptops is worse than in desktop computers. Sound is processed by sound card or by integrated sound processing on the motherboard. The next thing is power supply. It is battery. The most common type of battery is Lithium-ion battery which is lighter and has no so called memory effect in comparison to previous ones.
There is possibility of creating your own laptop. The customer can choose the processor RAM and wireless card. This is called whitebook after the same possibility for desktop computers (whiteboxes).

Practica the aula 3 - Describing your discipline

The chemistry, similarly to physics is the branch of science dealing with problems of matter and energy. It is said that the chemistry is only part of physics...
Chemistry is concentrated on explaining properties of the matter and its interactions with other matter due to withdrawing or gaining electrons from the valence shield of atoms. It is really fascinating science describing how the universe works.

My favorite elements are hydrogen and sodium.

Hydrogen is colorless and odorless gas with the smallest atomic and mass number. It was discovered by Cavendish in eighteenth century. It has only one electron and one proton and its the lightest element in the universe. It has 3 isotopes: proton, deuterium and tritium. It is the most abundant element in universe. Nowadays some researches are carried out about hydrogen as an alternative for fossil fuels energy.

Sodium is white metal. It is very soft, so soft that it can be cut using knife. It is very reactive due to its electron configuration - it has only one electron in the valence shell. It reacts very violently with water - careless carrying out this reaction can be finished by explosion very easy.
Sodium is very important for industrial chemistry. It is component of some of the most important substances in industry. Very well known are sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, salt and lots of others.